archeus/src/std/hashtable.c

#include "arc/std/hashtable.h"
#include "arc/std/errno.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

//a private struct to hold the keys and values of the hashtable
typedef struct ARC_HashtableNode ARC_HashtableNode;
struct ARC_HashtableNode {
    void *key;
    void *value;

    uint32_t hashvalue;

    //will be set if next slot is searched for, to be used to remove elements faster
    uint32_t nextIndex;
};

struct ARC_Hashtable {
    uint32_t currentCapacity;
    uint32_t currentSize;

    ARC_HashtableNode *nodes;

    ARC_Hashtable_HashFn             hashFn;
    ARC_Hashtable_KeyCompareFn       keyCompareFn;
    ARC_Hashtable_DestroyKeyValueFn *destroyKeyValueFn;
};

//copied from here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computation_of_cyclic_redundancy_checks#CRC-32_example
uint32_t CRC32Fn(void *key){
    uint32_t hashvalue = 0xffffffff;

    for(uint32_t i = 0; *(((char *)key) + i) != '\0'; i++){
        uint8_t value = *(((uint8_t *)key) + i);

        for(uint8_t j = 0; j < 8; j++){
            uint8_t flag = (uint8_t)((value ^ hashvalue) & 1);
            hashvalue >>= 1;

            if(flag){
                hashvalue ^= 0xEDB888320;
            }

            value >>= 1;
        }
    }

    hashvalue = ~hashvalue;

    return hashvalue;
}

//private function that will just check compare void pointers directly used as default key compare
ARC_Bool ARC_Hashtable_DefaultKeyCompareFn(void *key1, void *key2){
    return (ARC_Bool)(key1 == key2);
}

void ARC_Hashtable_Create(ARC_Hashtable **hashtable, ARC_Hashtable_HashFn *hashFn, ARC_Hashtable_KeyCompareFn *keyCompareFn, ARC_Hashtable_DestroyKeyValueFn *destroyKeyValueFn){
    //clear the hashtable
    *hashtable = (ARC_Hashtable *) malloc(sizeof(ARC_Hashtable));

    //set current capacity and size to start
    (*hashtable)->currentCapacity = 1;
    (*hashtable)->currentSize     = 0;

    //reserve enough memory for one node
    (*hashtable)->nodes = (ARC_HashtableNode *)malloc(sizeof(ARC_HashtableNode));

    //set first and only key to null
    (*hashtable)->nodes[0] = (ARC_HashtableNode){ NULL, NULL, 0, 0 };

    //default to CRC32, then override if hashFn exists
    (*hashtable)->hashFn = CRC32Fn;
    if(hashFn != NULL){
        (*hashtable)->hashFn = *hashFn;
    }

    //default to comparing pointers, then override if keyCompareFn exists
    (*hashtable)->keyCompareFn = ARC_Hashtable_DefaultKeyCompareFn;
    if(keyCompareFn != NULL){
        (*hashtable)->keyCompareFn = *keyCompareFn;
    }

    //default to NULL, then create and copy destroyKeyValueFn if it exists
    (*hashtable)->destroyKeyValueFn = NULL;
    if(destroyKeyValueFn != NULL){
        (*hashtable)->destroyKeyValueFn = (ARC_Hashtable_DestroyKeyValueFn *)malloc(sizeof(ARC_Hashtable_DestroyKeyValueFn));
        *((*hashtable)->destroyKeyValueFn) = *destroyKeyValueFn;
    }
}

void ARC_Hashtable_Destroy(ARC_Hashtable *hashtable){
    //remove all the contents before clearing the 
    ARC_Hashtable_Clear(hashtable);

    //free the destroyKeyValueFn if it exists
    if(hashtable->destroyKeyValueFn != NULL){
        free(hashtable->destroyKeyValueFn);
    }

    //free the empty nodes container
    free(hashtable->nodes);

    //free the hashtable
    free(hashtable);
}

//private function to add a node as close to its hashed index as possible
void ARC_HashtableNode_SetNearestNodeToArray(ARC_HashtableNode *nodes, uint32_t capacity, ARC_HashtableNode node){
    //get the first possible index based on the node's hashvalue
    uint32_t index = node.hashvalue % capacity;

    //go to last added
    while(nodes[index].nextIndex != index){
        index = nodes[index].nextIndex;
    }
    index = nodes[index].nextIndex;

    //init variable for found node
    uint32_t nextIndex = index;

    //check each available node for a free slot
    while(nodes[nextIndex].key != NULL){
        //up the current index by one
        nextIndex++;

        //cycle back to the first index if it is above the array's capacity
        if(nextIndex >= capacity){
            nextIndex = 0;
        }

        //check if the loop has circled back to the starting index to stop checking
        if(index == nextIndex){
            break;
        }
    }

    //set the next index of the last added index
    nodes[index].nextIndex = nextIndex;

    //set the foundNode and next index
    nodes[nextIndex]           = node;
    nodes[nextIndex].nextIndex = nextIndex;
}

void ARC_Hashtable_Add(ARC_Hashtable *hashtable, void *key, void *value){
    //check to see if the current size is the same as a max uint32_t and if so it will overflow so throw an error
    if(hashtable->currentSize == ~((uint32_t)0)){
        arc_errno = ARC_ERRNO_OVERFLOW;
        ARC_DEBUG_LOG_ERROR("ARC_Hashtable_Add(hashtable, key, value), hashtable at max capacity tried adding another value");
        return;
    }

    //check to make sure key is not NULL
    if(key == NULL){
        arc_errno = ARC_ERRNO_NULL;
        ARC_DEBUG_LOG_ERROR("ARC_Hashtable_Add(hashtable, key, value), NULL was passed in for the key, this function cannot handle that");
        return;
    }

    //check if we are at the max of the current capacity
    if(hashtable->currentSize == hashtable->currentCapacity){
        //move the current nodes into a temporary variable to move into a resized array
        uint64_t oldCapacity = hashtable->currentCapacity;
        ARC_HashtableNode *oldNodes = hashtable->nodes;

        //increase the current capacity by double
        hashtable->currentCapacity <<= 1;

        //if for some reason the capacity is 0, we should set it to one so we do not error on realloc
        if(hashtable->currentCapacity != 0){
            hashtable->currentCapacity++;
        }

        //resize the hashtable's array and copy the contents at the same time
        hashtable->nodes = (ARC_HashtableNode *)malloc(sizeof(ARC_HashtableNode) * hashtable->currentCapacity);

        //set nodes to null
        for(uint32_t index = 0; index < hashtable->currentCapacity; index++){
            hashtable->nodes[index] = (ARC_HashtableNode){ NULL, NULL, 0, index };
        }

        //add the old nodes into the new array
        for(uint32_t index = 0; index < oldCapacity; index++){
            ARC_HashtableNode_SetNearestNodeToArray(hashtable->nodes, hashtable->currentCapacity, oldNodes[index]);
        }

        //free the old array
        free(oldNodes);
    }

    //get the hashvalue
    uint32_t hashvalue = hashtable->hashFn(key);

    //add to the vectors array and increase its current size
    ARC_HashtableNode_SetNearestNodeToArray(hashtable->nodes, hashtable->currentCapacity, (ARC_HashtableNode){ key, value, hashvalue, 0 });
    hashtable->currentSize++;
}

//private function used to remove a node at an index (moving next node values back)
void ARC_Hashtable_UnsetNodeAtIndexFromArray(ARC_HashtableNode *nodes, uint32_t capacity, uint32_t index, uint32_t previousIndex){
    //if the first index is the end index just set it to null and return
    if(nodes[index].nextIndex == index && nodes[previousIndex].nextIndex == index){
        nodes[previousIndex].nextIndex = previousIndex;
        nodes[index] = (ARC_HashtableNode){ NULL, NULL, 0, index };
        return;
    }

    //loop through all remaining next nodes
    while(nodes[index].nextIndex != index){
        //get the currently used next index
        uint32_t nextIndex = nodes[index].nextIndex;

        //move the next node back
        nodes[index] = nodes[nextIndex];

        //if the next index will be moved into the correct spot
        if(index == nodes[nextIndex].hashvalue % capacity){
            //NOTE: I couldn't figure out an elegant way of handling this, so for now we remove then re-add clashing nodes
            //reset the previous index's next index
            nodes[previousIndex].nextIndex = previousIndex;

            //reset the last moved node's next index
            nodes[index].nextIndex = index;

            //get the starting conflict index
            index = nextIndex;

            //get the starting conflict node (the first one will only be used for its next index)
            ARC_HashtableNode nodeCopy = nodes[index];

            //clear the last moved node
            nodes[index] = (ARC_HashtableNode){ NULL, NULL, 0, index };

            //loop through remaining next nodes adding them to a temporary vector and clearing them from the nodes
            while(nodeCopy.nextIndex != index){
                //move to the next node
                index = nodeCopy.nextIndex;
                nodeCopy = nodes[index];

                //copy and clear node
                nodes[index] = (ARC_HashtableNode){ NULL, NULL, 0, index };

                //add back to the table
                ARC_HashtableNode_SetNearestNodeToArray(nodes, capacity, nodeCopy);
            }

            return;
        }

        //moves the next index into the next used slot
        nodes[index].nextIndex = nextIndex;

        //update the previousIndex
        previousIndex = index;

        //check the next index
        index = nextIndex;
    }

    //the previous index will be the last moved node, so set its next index to itself
    nodes[previousIndex].nextIndex = previousIndex;

    //set the current value to an empty node
    nodes[index] = (ARC_HashtableNode){ NULL, NULL, 0, index };
}

void ARC_Hashtable_Remove(ARC_Hashtable *hashtable, void *key){
    //get the index from a hashvalue
    uint32_t initialIndex  = hashtable->hashFn(key) % hashtable->currentCapacity;
    uint32_t index         = initialIndex;
    uint32_t previousIndex = initialIndex;

    //iterate through remaining possible nodes checking for a match
    ARC_Bool nodeFound = ARC_False;
    while(hashtable->nodes[index].nextIndex != index){
        if(hashtable->keyCompareFn(hashtable->nodes[index].key, key) == ARC_True){
            nodeFound = ARC_True;
            break;
        }

        previousIndex = index;
        index = hashtable->nodes[index].nextIndex;
    }

    //check the last index if the others could not find the node
    if(nodeFound == ARC_False && hashtable->nodes[index].key != NULL && hashtable->keyCompareFn(hashtable->nodes[index].key, key) == ARC_True){
        nodeFound = ARC_True;
    }

    //error if the node was not found
    if(nodeFound == ARC_False){
        arc_errno = ARC_ERRNO_DATA;
        ARC_DEBUG_LOG_ERROR("ARC_Hashtable_Remove(hashtable, key), key was not found in hashtable, could not remove");
        return;
    }

    //get the found node
    ARC_HashtableNode node = hashtable->nodes[index];

    //call delete data to clean up item if delete data function exists
    if(hashtable->destroyKeyValueFn != NULL){
        (*(hashtable->destroyKeyValueFn))(node.key, node.value);
    }

    //move all next items back
    ARC_Hashtable_UnsetNodeAtIndexFromArray(hashtable->nodes, hashtable->currentCapacity, index, previousIndex);

    //we have removed the item so we can decrease the current size
    hashtable->currentSize--;

    //if the current size is half the current capacity or the current capacity is at the smallest limit, we do not need to do anything else
    if(hashtable->currentSize != hashtable->currentCapacity >> 1 || hashtable->currentCapacity == 1){
        return;
    }

    //move the current nodes into a temporary variable to move into a resized array
    uint64_t oldCapacity = hashtable->currentCapacity;
    ARC_HashtableNode *oldNodes = hashtable->nodes;

    //half the capacity and copy it into a smaller array
    hashtable->currentCapacity >>= 1;

    //resize the hashtable's array and copy the contents at the same time
    hashtable->nodes = (ARC_HashtableNode *)malloc(sizeof(ARC_HashtableNode) * hashtable->currentCapacity);

    //set keys to null
    for(uint32_t index = 0; index < hashtable->currentCapacity; index++){
        hashtable->nodes[index] = (ARC_HashtableNode){ NULL, NULL, 0, index };
    }

    //add the old nodes into the new array
    for(uint32_t index = 0; index < oldCapacity; index++){
        //null values do not need to be copied
        if(oldNodes[index].key == NULL){
            continue;
        }

        ARC_HashtableNode_SetNearestNodeToArray(hashtable->nodes, hashtable->currentCapacity, oldNodes[index]);
    }

    //free the old array
    free(oldNodes);
}

//private callback function to delete all the key value pairs in the hashtable
void ARC_Hashtable_DestroyKeyValueIteratorFn(void *key, void *value, void *userData){
    ARC_Hashtable *hashtable = (ARC_Hashtable *)userData;

    (*(hashtable->destroyKeyValueFn))(key, value);
}

void ARC_Hashtable_Clear(ARC_Hashtable *hashtable){
    //if the destroyKeyValueFn exists, run iterations to clear the table
    if(hashtable->destroyKeyValueFn != NULL){
        ARC_Hashtable_RunIteration(hashtable, ARC_Hashtable_DestroyKeyValueIteratorFn, hashtable);
    }

    //delete the array holding all the nodes
    free(hashtable->nodes);

    //set current capacity and size to start
    hashtable->currentCapacity = 1;
    hashtable->currentSize     = 0;

    //reserve enough memory for one node
    hashtable->nodes = (ARC_HashtableNode *)malloc(sizeof(ARC_HashtableNode));

    //set first and only key to null
    hashtable->nodes[0].key = NULL;
}

void *ARC_Hashtable_Get(ARC_Hashtable *hashtable, void *key){
    //check to make sure key is not NULL
    if(key == NULL){
        arc_errno = ARC_ERRNO_NULL;
        ARC_DEBUG_LOG_ERROR("ARC_Hashtable_Get(hashtable, key), NULL was passed in for the key, this function cannot handle that");
        return NULL;
    }

    //get the index from a hashvalue
    uint32_t index = hashtable->hashFn(key) % hashtable->currentCapacity;

    //get the first possible node
    ARC_HashtableNode node = hashtable->nodes[index];

    //check each available node for a match
    while(node.nextIndex != index){
        //if the key is found, return its value
        if(hashtable->keyCompareFn(node.key, key) == ARC_True){
            return node.value;
        }

        //up the current index to the next available index
        index = node.nextIndex;

        node = hashtable->nodes[index];
    }

    //if the key is found, return its value
    if(node.key != NULL && hashtable->keyCompareFn(node.key, key) == ARC_True){
        return node.value;
    }

    //could not find node, so return NULL
    return NULL;
}

void ARC_Hashtable_RunIteration(ARC_Hashtable *hashtable, ARC_Hashtable_IteratorFn iteratorFn, void *userData){
    //pass each non NULL nodes into an iteratorFn callback
    for(uint32_t index = 0; index < hashtable->currentCapacity; index++){
        //get the current node
        ARC_HashtableNode node = hashtable->nodes[index];

        //skip past NULL keys
        if(node.key == NULL){
            continue;
        }

        //passes current iteration into the callback function
        iteratorFn(node.key, node.value, userData);
    }
}